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4. Questions - Got a question about North German Federation then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
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6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your North German Federation wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your North German Federation then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the North German Federation site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about North German Federation, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your North German Federation, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
{{Infobox Former Country|native_name =
Norddeutscher Bund|conventional_long_name = North German Confederation|common_name = Germany|continent=Europe|region=Central Europe|country=Germany|status = Federation|year_start = 1866|year_end = 1871|date_start = April 16|date_end = January 18|event_start =
North German Constitution|event_end =
German Empire|event1 = North German Constitution|date_event1= July 1|year_event1= 1867|p1 = German Confederation|image_p1 = |s1 = German Empire|flag_s1 = Flag of the German Empire.svg|image_flag = Flag of the German Empire.svg|image_coat = Prussiaflag small.jpg |image_map = Map-NDB.svg|image_map_caption = The North German Confederation (red). The southern German states that Unification of Germany to form the
German Empire are in orange.
Alsace-Lorraine, the territory annexed following the Franco-Prussian War of 1871, is in a paler orange.] (
William I, German Emperor)|title_deputy=Chancellor of Germany|deputy1 =
Otto von Bismarck-->The
North German Confederation (), came into existence in August 1866 as a military alliance of 22 states of northern
Germany with the Kingdom of Prussia as the leading state. In July 1867 it was transformed into a federal state. It provided the country with a constitution and was the building block of the
German Empire, which adopted most parts of the federation's constitution and its flag.
Unlike the German Confederation, the North German Confederation was in fact a true state. Its territory comprised the parts of the German Confederation north of the river
Main, plus Prussia's eastern territories and the Duchy of
Schleswig, but excluded
Austria,
Bavaria, Württemberg,
Baden and the southern parts of the Grand Duchy of Hesse.
However, it cemented Prussian control over northern Germany, and emanated that same control via the
Zollverein (Customs Union) and secret peace treaties (agreed with the southern states the day before the Peace of Prague (1866)) into southern Germany.
Although it ceased to exist after the creation of the German empire, 1871, the federation was the building block for the German constitution of 1871. This constitution gave huge powers to the new chancellor,
Otto von Bismarck who was appointed by the President of the Bundesrat (Prussia). This was because the constitution made the chancellor 'responsible,' however not accountable, to the Reichstag. This therefore allowed him the benefit of being the link between the emperor and the people. The Chancellor retained powers over the military budget, after the constitutional crisis that engulfed
Wilhelm I in 1862. Laws also prevented certain civil servants becoming members of the Reichstag, those who were Bismarck's main opposition in the 1860's.
The federation came into being after Prussia defeated Austria and the other remaining states of the
German Confederation in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. Otto von Bismarck created the North German Constitution, which came into force on 1 July, 1867, with the King of Prussia, William I, German Emperor, as its President, and Bismarck as
Chancellor of Germany. The states were represented in the
Reichsrat (Federal Council) with 43 seats (of which Prussia held 17). Most notably, Bismarck introduced universal male suffrage into the confederation for elections to the
Reichstag (institution). The Bundesrat membership was extended before 1871 with the creation of the
Zollverein Parliament in 1867, an attempt to create closer unity with the southern states by permitting representatives to be sent to the Bundersrat.
Following Prussia's victory over the
Second French Empire in the Franco-Prussian War of 1871,
Bavaria,
Württemberg, and
Baden (together with parts of the
Grand Duchy of Hesse which had not originally joined the federation), now grouped together with the various states of the Federation to form the German Empire, with William I taking the new title of
German Emperor (rather than
Emperor of Germany as Austria was not included).
Postage stamps
One of the functions of the federation was to handle the mail and issue
postage stamps, which it began doing on 1 January
1868. To accommodate the different monetary systems in use by the various states, it issued a series valued in groschen for the Northern District, and another using
kreuzer for the Southern District, distinguishing them by framing the value number in a circle for the groschen stamps, and in an oval for the kreuzers. All of these stamps were inscribed "NORDDEUTSCHER POSTBEZIRK".
In addition, there was a special quarter-schilling stamp for
Hamburg, with the additional inscription "STADTPOSTBRIEF HAMBURG".
Early in 1869 the stamps were issued with perforations, the previous issues having been rouletted. On 1 March, 10 gr and 30 gr values were issued, notable for being printed on
goldbeater's skin, a scheme to prevent reuse of these high-value stamps.
Federation stamps were superseded on 1 January 1872 by the first issues of the German Empire.
List of member states
See also
bg:Северногермански Съюзda:Det nordtyske forbundde:Norddeutscher Bund
es:Federación Alemana del Norteeo:Nordgermana Federaciofr:Confédération de l'Allemagne du Nordid:Konfederasi Jerman Utarala:Foederatio Germanica Septemtrionalis
nl:Noord-Duitse Bondja:北ドイツ連邦no:Det nordtyske forbundnn:Norddeutscher Bundpl:Związek Północnoniemiecki
pt:Confederação da Alemanha do Nortero:Confederaţia Germană de Nordru:Северогерманский союзsv:Nordtyska förbundettr:Kuzey Almanya Konfederasyonuzh:北德意志邦聯
{{Infobox Former Country|native_name =
Norddeutscher Bund|conventional_long_name = North German Confederation|common_name = Germany|continent=Europe|region=Central Europe|country=Germany|status = Federation|year_start = 1866|year_end = 1871|date_start = April 16|date_end = January 18|event_start = North German Constitution|event_end =
German Empire|event1 = North German Constitution|date_event1= July 1|year_event1= 1867|p1 = German Confederation|image_p1 = |s1 = German Empire|flag_s1 = Flag of the German Empire.svg|image_flag = Flag of the German Empire.svg|image_coat = Prussiaflag small.jpg |image_map = Map-NDB.svg|image_map_caption = The North German Confederation (red). The southern German states that
Unification of Germany to form the German Empire are in orange. Alsace-Lorraine, the territory annexed following the Franco-Prussian War of 1871, is in a paler orange.] (William I, German Emperor)|title_deputy=Chancellor of Germany|deputy1 =
Otto von Bismarck-->The
North German Confederation (), came into existence in August 1866 as a military alliance of 22 states of northern Germany with the
Kingdom of Prussia as the leading state. In July 1867 it was transformed into a federal state. It provided the country with a constitution and was the building block of the
German Empire, which adopted most parts of the federation's constitution and its flag.
Unlike the
German Confederation, the North German Confederation was in fact a true state. Its territory comprised the parts of the German Confederation north of the river
Main, plus Prussia's eastern territories and the Duchy of Schleswig, but excluded
Austria, Bavaria,
Württemberg, Baden and the southern parts of the Grand Duchy of Hesse.
However, it cemented Prussian control over
northern Germany, and emanated that same control via the
Zollverein (Customs Union) and secret peace treaties (agreed with the southern states the day before the
Peace of Prague (1866)) into southern Germany.
Although it ceased to exist after the creation of the German empire, 1871, the federation was the building block for the German constitution of 1871. This constitution gave huge powers to the new chancellor,
Otto von Bismarck who was appointed by the President of the Bundesrat (Prussia). This was because the constitution made the chancellor 'responsible,' however not accountable, to the Reichstag. This therefore allowed him the benefit of being the link between the emperor and the people. The Chancellor retained powers over the military budget, after the constitutional crisis that engulfed Wilhelm I in 1862. Laws also prevented certain civil servants becoming members of the Reichstag, those who were Bismarck's main opposition in the 1860's.
The federation came into being after Prussia defeated
Austria and the other remaining states of the German Confederation in the
Austro-Prussian War of 1866.
Otto von Bismarck created the
North German Constitution, which came into force on
1 July,
1867, with the
King of Prussia, William I, German Emperor, as its President, and Bismarck as
Chancellor of Germany. The states were represented in the
Reichsrat (Federal Council) with 43 seats (of which Prussia held 17). Most notably, Bismarck introduced universal male suffrage into the confederation for elections to the
Reichstag (institution). The Bundesrat membership was extended before 1871 with the creation of the
Zollverein Parliament in 1867, an attempt to create closer unity with the southern states by permitting representatives to be sent to the Bundersrat.
Following Prussia's victory over the Second French Empire in the Franco-Prussian War of 1871, Bavaria, Württemberg, and Baden (together with parts of the Grand Duchy of Hesse which had not originally joined the federation), now grouped together with the various states of the Federation to form the
German Empire, with William I taking the new title of
German Emperor (rather than
Emperor of Germany as Austria was not included).
Postage stamps
One of the functions of the federation was to handle the mail and issue
postage stamps, which it began doing on
1 January 1868. To accommodate the different monetary systems in use by the various states, it issued a series valued in groschen for the Northern District, and another using
kreuzer for the Southern District, distinguishing them by framing the value number in a circle for the groschen stamps, and in an oval for the kreuzers. All of these stamps were inscribed "NORDDEUTSCHER POSTBEZIRK".
In addition, there was a special quarter-schilling stamp for Hamburg, with the additional inscription "STADTPOSTBRIEF HAMBURG".
Early in 1869 the stamps were issued with
perforations, the previous issues having been rouletted. On
1 March, 10 gr and 30 gr values were issued, notable for being printed on
goldbeater's skin, a scheme to prevent reuse of these high-value stamps.
Federation stamps were superseded on
1 January 1872 by the first issues of the German Empire.
List of member states
See also
bg:Северногермански Съюзda:Det nordtyske forbundde:Norddeutscher Bund
es:Federación Alemana del Norteeo:Nordgermana Federaciofr:Confédération de l'Allemagne du Nordid:Konfederasi Jerman Utarala:Foederatio Germanica Septemtrionalis
nl:Noord-Duitse Bondja:北ドイツ連邦no:Det nordtyske forbundnn:Norddeutscher Bundpl:Związek Północnoniemieckipt:Confederação da Alemanha do Nortero:Confederaţia Germană de Nordru:Северогерманский союзsv:Nordtyska förbundettr:Kuzey Almanya Konfederasyonuzh:北德意志邦聯
North German Confederation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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North German Federation North German Federation North German Lloyd North German organ school ... All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature ...
